How can I find out if I have prostate cancer?

 

During an annual check up, doctors usually do a DRE (digital rectal exam).  If the doctor feels anything unusual, or you have experienced changes in your urination habits, a PSA test may be ordered.  This is a blood test that measures how much prostate specific antigen (PSA) the prostate is producing.  It is the most sensitive test we have for prostate cancer but it can be difficult to interpret.  If levels are higher than normal, it means that there could be a prostate problem – not necessarily cancer.  There could be an infection in the prostate, or enlargement that is not cancerous.

 

If the doctor suspects prostate cancer, he or she may recommend further tests.  A transrectal ultrasound uses sound waves to make a picture of the prostate and allows the doctor to guide a biopsy.  The needle biopsy will be used to remove a small amount of tissue to see if it contains cancer cells.  If cancer is detected by using either of these tests, x-rays and further ultrasounds may also be used to check the stage of your cancer, and this will help to determine treatment options.

 

Once all of the tests are done and a diagnosis of prostate cancer is confirmed, you will meet with your doctor to decide on treatment.